Neurotoxins
Botulinum toxin, is a neurotoxic protein, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. Brand names such as:
Neurotoxin | Brand | Use(s) | Intended Use |
OnabotulinumtoxinA | BOTOX Cosmetic® | Moderate to severe glabellar lines | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
Moderate to severe lateral canthal lines | Crow’s feet – Beside eyes | ||
BOTOX® | Severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis | Reduces Excess Sweating | |
Cervical dystonia | Involuntary neck muscle contractions | ||
Strabismus | Crossed eye condition | ||
Blepharospasm | Reduces involuntary eyelid movemen | ||
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders | TMJ Pain/ Grinding | ||
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity | Involuntary bladder contractions | ||
Chronic migraine | Chronic Migraine Relief | ||
Upper limb spasticity | Reduces overactive limbs (Arms, Hands) | ||
AbobotulinumtoxinA | Dysport® | Moderate-to-severe glabellar lines in adults | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
Cervical dystonia | Involuntary neck muscle contractions | ||
Upper and lower limb spasticity | Reduces overactive limbs | ||
Lower limb spasticity in children aged 2 years or older | Overactive involuntary movements of legs and feet | ||
IncobotulinumtoxinA | Xeomin® | Moderate to severe glabellar lines | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
Upper limb spasticity | Reduces overactive limbs | ||
Cervical dystonia | Involuntary neck muscle contractions | ||
Blepharospasm | Reduces involuntary eyelid movement | ||
Chronic sialorrhea | Reduce excessive drooling or hypersalivation | ||
PrabotulinumtoxinA | Jeuveau® | Moderate-to-severe glabellar lines | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
DaxibotulinumtoxinA | Daxxify® | Moderate-to-severe glabellar lines | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
LetibotulinumtoxinA | Letybo® | Moderate-to-severe glabellar lines | Frown lines, 11’s, Muscles between the eyes |
RimabotulinumtoxinB | Myobloc® | Cervical dystonia | Involuntary neck muscle contractions |